2- Exploration, Production, Refining, and Distribution Processes
Exploration:
Geologists and geophysicists assess potential oil and gas reservoirs using seismic surveys, drilling exploratory wells to confirm the presence of hydrocarbons.
Production:
Upon discovery, production wells are drilled to extract oil and gas, employing various techniques like primary, secondary, and enhanced oil recovery methods to maximize extraction.
Refining:
Crude oil undergoes refining processes in refineries to separate it into different components such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and petrochemicals through processes like distillation, cracking, and reforming.
Distribution:
Refined products are transported via pipelines, ships, trucks, or rail to distribution terminals and retail outlets for end-user consumption.
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