1950s-1960s – Rise of Strategic Planning: Strategic management traces its roots back to the mid-20th century, with the rise of strategic planning. During this period, organizations primarily focused on long-term planning, setting goals, and allocating resources to achieve them. The emphasis was on formalized processes and hierarchical decision-making.
1970s – Rational Planning Model: The 1970s saw the emergence of the rational planning model, which emphasized systematic analysis and logical decision-making. This approach involved a step-by-step process of environmental analysis, goal setting, strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation.