Super’s Developmental Self-Concept Theory

Donald Super’s theory of career development views career development as a lifelong process influenced by internal and external factors. Super identified several stages of career development, each characterized by distinct tasks and challenges:

1. Growth (Childhood): During childhood, individuals develop a basic understanding of themselves and their interests through exploration and play.
2. Exploration (Adolescence): Adolescents begin to explore various career options and consider how their interests, abilities, and values align with different paths.
3. Establishment (Young Adulthood): Young adults enter the workforce and establish themselves in their chosen careers. They may focus on building skills, advancing in their careers, and achieving success.
4. Maintenance (Mid-Career): Mid-career adults focus on maintaining their careers, adapting to changes in the workplace, and balancing work and personal life responsibilities.
5. Decline (Late Career): In late career, individuals may gradually transition out of the workforce, reduce their work hours, or pursue alternative paths. They reflect on their accomplishments and prepare for retirement.

Throughout these stages, individuals develop a self-concept related to their careers, which evolves as they gain experiences and face new challenges. Super’s theory emphasizes the importance of self-concept in career decision-making and highlights the role of internal and external factors in shaping career development.